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Lighting Power
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Ask most people the question 'Who invented the light bulbs?' and you are likely to get the reply 'Thomas Edison'. Whilst the question could be deemed to be a little ambiguous, you may get a tick or a cross depending on the questioners point of view.
It was Humphrey Davy, the English chemist who first attached wires to a battery and passed an electric current through a piece of carbon to create the first arc lamp back in 1809. The list of contributors between this humble beginning and Thomas Edisons' filament light bulb in 1879 is quite a long one and any one of them could have the title bestowed on them.
Warren De la Rue in 1820 used platinum as the source of his arc. He did use an evacuated tube so this could be said to be the first attempt at a light bulb. The cost of the platinum however was too expensive to make this idea feasible for widespread use. In fact it was not until 1875 that Henry Woodward and Matthew Evans patented the first light bulb and it was this patent bought by Edison and modified that led to him creating a filament bulb that worked for 40 hours.
It was not long after the Edison light bulb that fluorescent lamps were created. In 1890, Peter Cooper Hewitt created the first lamps that used gas as opposed to a filament to pass electric current through to create illumination. It was not until 1973 that Ed Hammer and General Electric came up with the design for the compact fluorescent lamp, or light bulb as we know it today. At the time, it was deemed too expensive to set up production of the low wattage bulbs and the design plans were shelved. Later the design plans leaked out and were eventually copied by others.
The energy saving capacity of the low power light bulbs is due to their use of gas instead filament as the conduit for the electrical charge. Fluorescent lights in industrial settings such as factories and offices have benefited from these savings for years. The percentage of electrical usage in the average household in the United States amounts to 9% of the total usage by each household. The use of low power bulbs could reduce this by 7% to just 2%. Not only would this save on efficiency, the amount of reduced carbon emissions would have an extremely positive effect on global warming.
There are some negatives with low power light bulbs. They contain a very small amount of mercury which has an effect on disposal when they are used up. The environmental impact of breakages also poses a small hazard as broken bulbs release small amounts of mercury vapor. None of these are major problems and the benefits of this type of lighting far out way the risks.
Another set of lights that follow the same compact design are the metal halide lamps. Metal Halide lamps are part of the HID group of lamps or high intensity discharge family. Mainly used in industrial settings these lamps use a high pressure mixture of argon, mercury and different combinations of metal halides to create a variety of specialist lighting effects. Most commonly, the metal halide lamps were used in outdoor lighting settings, street lighting and parking lots. Their high intensity effect being best suited for pointed, directional lighting.
In conclusion, light fixtures have come a long way since the days of Davy and Edison and the future is destined to be one of changing technologies as we strive to become more efficient in our use of electrical power. The use in cartoons of a light bulb above the head to simulate the breaking of a new idea is ironic as we look to the future for ways to conserve our energy resources.
Business Lights is a retail supplier of electrical light fittings and accessories. These include light fixtures and metal halide bulbs not forgetting light bulbs. Read more science articles [http://www.omdn.org/category/science-and-technology] at OMDN
A buyer’s guide to LED Lighting Power Supplies
As LED lighting is becoming increasingly popular in architectural lighting, task lighting, medical lighting (particularly for use in surgical theatres), transportation, entertainment, and even household lighting. This article intends to be a comprehensive guide to their utility, what the advantages that LED lighting possesses over other types of lighting and how to select an appropriate power source for the LED lights.
First, what IS an LED light? A light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic light source. LED’s are based on the semiconductor diode. When the diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes and energy is released in the form of light. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor.
LED’s present many advantages over traditional light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size ( enabling LED’s to be easily populated onto printed circuit boards.) and faster switching (LED’s light up very quickly. A typical red indicator LED will achieve full brightness in microseconds, and LED’s used in communications devices can have even faster response times.). Thus their utility value is very high. Maybe the greatest advantage of all is that as the color of the light depends on a specific variable (i.e.- the energy gap of the semiconductor) thus LED’s can emit light of an intended color without the use of color filters that traditional lighting methods require. This is more efficient and can lower initial costs for a vast range of applications which previously used the colour filtering process.
Further advantages of LED’s exist, among them efficiency of an LED is prominent. LED’s produce more light per watt than incandescent bulbs, and wastage of energy is minimal, as LED’s radiate very little heat in the form of IR that can cause damage to sensitive objects or fabrics. Wasted energy is dispersed as heat through the base of the LED. Further as light is emitted from a solid state material, greater shock absorption capability is present in the LED lights. Further, LED’s do not contain mercury, unlike most fluorescent lamps.
- But LED’s are currently more expensive, on an initial capital cost basis, than most conventional lighting technologies, and are very much sensitive to temperature and voltage. LED’s must be supplied with the voltage above the threshold and a current below the rating. This can involve series resistors or current-regulated power supplies, and the proper function of the power supply is an essential factor in creating maximum utility and longevity of the systems. If too much current passes through the semiconductor material forming the Diodes the LED will burn out! LED power supplies must, among others, provide Universal AC input, allowing the full range of applications, Short circuit, over load, over voltage protection, a built-in dimming function, allowing the light levels to be adjusted to create different effects.
And of course the safety of the LED power supply is a prime concern, to prevent overheating, cooling should take place, and the most efficient form of this is by free air convection. And the power supply must come fully equipped with an isolated, (preferably) plastic case that is resistant to external influences such as water on order to protect it from harmful effects of water and dust.
If you are planning an LED lighting project, for your home, garden or even your office or your shop, a thorough research on the subject may be your best starting point. And as LED’s are very sensitive make sure you use an appropriate and high quality power supply. Speak to your local electronic engineer or a reputed seller of LED lights and power supplies for more information. A vast array of online LED and LED power supply vendors exist as well. Their official websites offer high quality information and specifications to tailor a solution for your lighting requirements.
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Dean Curtis shared his expert knowledge on LED Lighting Power Supplies
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Head lights, power locks not coming on and clock keeps reseting everytime I start the car?
I looked at all the fuses in the engine bay and I also looked at those in the cabin. I saw no bad fuses. My 12v line from my custom stereo made contact with the car's body. And the interior lights, head light, power locks never worked ever after. Anyone know whats happening?
You've definately blown fuses. With all due respect, unless your headlamps, clock and power locks have decided to fail - all at the same time.
So, thought I'd kindly offer some advice on how to Quickly check fuses in circuit - it's exactly the same method employed by auto-electricians. An autoSpark usually doesn't have the time to - go and find the relative handbook or other technical book to find the relative fuse location information for this that and the next circuit - whether it be headlights, power locks etc.
He will just check all the fuses. As he knows that it is not allways the one fuse that blows but other fuses as well that could relate to the circuit. - especially where mishaps have occured that you describe.
If you don't already own one, the best piece of equipment for testing for blown fuses is a 12v circuit lamp tester, as shown here. (under $10)
http://www.slgtools.com/12v-automotive-circuit-tester-p-53.html
The same tests can also be performed using a digital mult-meter
The procedure described here shows using a digital mult-meter set to Volts - using the circuit tester - it is exactly the same procedure but the bulb lights on each test point of the fuse - for good fuse. A bad fuse will only show a bulb light on one side
http://kzcarfi.blogspot.com/2008/08/testing-vehicle-fuses-with-multimeter.html
When you start this procedure - ensure that your ignition key is turned to the accessory position AND your headlight switch is turned to the ON position. And then.. just WIZZ through checking all the fuses on both fuse boxes.
You'll definitaley find at least one blown fuse because your clock is resetting everytime.
There is situations where body computers can blow up, but I doubt it very much here -- hey start of checking the easy things first - hope this info helps
all the best
Central Hudson tests high-efficiency LED lighting
POUGHKEEPSIE - Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation is testing the effectiveness of outdoor lighting fixtures using light emitting diodes (LED). Two demonstration projects are underway: The first an outdoor area lighting application on the campus of Bard College located at Annandale-on-Hudson, Dutchess County; the second a street lighting installation in the Town of New Windsor, Orange ...
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