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Century Iii
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Prince Vlad the Impaler- Dracula, that lived in the XV century in Walachia, has ruled his country for three times during his life, but only the second reign between 1456 and 1462 was the most relevant, being his longest and most important reign. The other two reigns were very short, lasting 6 and 8 weeks: the first one in September-October 1448, and the third, between November - December 1472.
After he became ruler of Walachia in 1456, the first aims of Vlad the Impaler were to establish the order inside the country and to strengthen the state authority. Among more administrative decisions, Vlad The Impaler also started a strong campaign against the thieves, robbers and criminals who could be met everywhere: in the cities, on the main roads or in the forests attacking the travelers, especially the merchandisers. Vlad organized groups of soldiers to patrol and watch the delinquents in all these places; even for the least infraction, the delinquents were punished by beheading, but especially by impaling. The troughness of Vlad the Impaler's methods has fast spread the fright in the country, so that the number of infractions has soon decreased.
In that age, there were more methods of torturing or punishing by death a delinquent but Vlad The Impaler chose one of the most terrible in that times: the impalement. In the spite of he remained famous in history because of this method of punishment, please pay attention to Vlad The Impaler is not the inventor of the impalement method! We should not forget that a cruelty atmosphere dominated Europe of the XV century! Many horrible methods of torture were created and used to all the European courts from Western Europe until Russia, as: the iron maiden, the saw, the impalement, the pulling on wheel, the hot iron, etc. Only a short description of any of these methods, would deeply terrify any man of our nowadays, but in that times these were a normal practice in judging and punishing the convicted people! Anyway, the purpose of these methods was not to kill instantly the unhappy victim, but to torture him as long as possible, until he died.
There are more opinions about the origin of the impalement. Some historical sources attribute it to the Turks, that should have used it for torturing the traitors; others, claim that this method of torture has German origins. However, Ludovic XIV of France in the XV century or Ivan IV of Russia (or Ivan the Terrible) in the XVI century are two of the famous European kings that often used the method of impalement. On the present territory of Romania, it seems that the impalement has been used for the first time by the saxons from Southern Transylvania against some people of...Vlad The Impaler! In 1480, three years after Vlad The Impaler's death, an important Walachian boyar wrote a letter to the leaders of the saxons from Brasov town, saying that:"...you remember that alongside some Walachian traitor boyars, you used the impalement against the people of Prince Vlad, so that he got angry and came over you with fire and scorch". This fact sustains the theory of German origin for this punishment method above.
However, there is a question that should be put: if the impalement was used by so much kings and rulers in Europe, why is Vlad The Impaler so famous because of it? As the impalement was an usual method of torture in that age, Vlad The Impaler did not become famous because of using it, but for his great number of victims impaled! As usual, the impalement were used against the traitors, but Vlad The Impaler expanded its use, by torturing also the thieves, the criminals, traitors, the enemies, etc; anyone who should have broken the law, betraied to the enemies or attacked the country! I am sure that you imagine by yourself how the process of the impalement was made, so I will not describe it. However, I have to tell you that the executioners had to pay big attention to the manner of impaling, in order to do not affect victim's vital organs, as the heart or liver! The main purpose was the victim does not die instantly, but to suffer horrible tortures as long as possible. So that, the impaled man could even stay 2 days after execution in this position, having the vital organs in function. The victim died slowly, because of terrible pains suffered, by hungry, thirsty and by the raven's attacks!
Vlad The Impaler became famous through Walachia for his appetence to honesty, justice and order. He trusted so much in the effectiveness of his laws that one day, he has ordered to be put a golden cup to a fountain at a crossroad in Targoviste town. Every thirsty man could use it every time for drinking water but to put it back, after that. Nobody ever dared to steal it, so that the cup remained in the same place for years during the entire Vlad The Impaler reign and even long after his death!
Aurel Danescu presents you the new brand release e-book "Real Life Of Vlad Tepes - Dracula (1431-1476)" relating in an unique conception, exclusive details about the real life, events, facts of the famous Walachian prince! Are you a Vlad Dracula enthusiast, thirsty to find new breakthrough information about his mysterious and tumultuous real life? Than, this is definitely for you! Simply click the link below and find unique facts, rarely to find in English, about your favourite character, Vlad The Impaler-Dracula!
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The History of English Poet Laureates 12th Century to Present Day
The position of Poet Laureate was informally created by Charles I for Ben Jonson in 1617, however, the title did not become an official royal office until it was conferred by letters patent on John Dryden in 1670. The position became the Poet Laureate of Great Britain in 1707, when The Act of Union created "Great Britain" as the political name of England, Scotland, and Wales.
The English Poet Laureate is the realm's official poet.
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The Poet Laureate is a member of the royal household
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The Poet Laureate is charged with writing verses for court and national occasions such as the monarch's
birthday, royal births and marriages, coronations and military victories -
The Poet Laureate was originally awarded the position for life, however, from 1999 the post is limited to 10 years
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The Poet Laureate is chosen by the British reigning monarch from a list of nominees that the Prime Minister compiles after the death of a poet laureate
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It is the Lord Chamberlain who appoints the poet laureate by issuing a warrant to the laureate-elect
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The life appointment is always announced in the London Gazette.
List Of Poet laureates from the 12th Century to Present Day
Gulielmus Peregrinus assigned by Richard the Lionheart
'Master Henry' assigned by Henry III
Robert Whittington serving Richard II
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) serving Edward III
John Kay in the reign of Edward IV (1461-1483)
Bernard Andre of Toulouse (1450-1522) under Henry VII
John Skelton (1460-1529) was the 'Poet Laureate' under Henry VIII
Edmund Spenser (1552-1599) was the 'Poet Laureate' under Elizabeth I
Samuel Daniel was the 'Poet Laureate' under James I
Ben Jonson was the Poet Laureate under Charles I
Sir William Davenant (a godson of William Shakespeare) was the Poet Laureate under Charles I & Charles II
John Dryden (1668-1688)
Thomas Shadwell (1689-1692)
Naham Tate (1692-1715)
Nicholas Rowe (1715-1718)
Laurence Eusden (1718-1730)
Colley Cibber (1730-1757)
William Whitehead (1757-1785)
Thomas Warton (1785-1790)
Henry James Pye (1790-1813)
Robert Southey (1813-1843)
William Wordsworth (1843-1850)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1850-1892)
Alfred Austin (1896-1913)
Robert Bridges (1913-1930)
John Masefield (1930-1967)
Cecil Day-Lewis (1968-1972)
Sir John Betjeman (1972-1984)
Ted Hughes (1984-1998)
Andrew Motion (1999 - 2009 ) appointed as Poet Laureate for ten years only
Carol Ann Duffy (2009 – to Present Day).
About the Author
Please visit my Funny Animal Art Prints Collection @ http://www.fabprints.com
My other website is called Directory of British Icons: http://fabprints.webs.com
The Chinese call England "The Island of Hero's" which I think sums up what we English are all about.
Copyright © 2010 Paul Hussey. All Rights Reserved.
What initial policy changed occured when george III ascended the throne? Where were his motives?
time fram is 18th century.
Although George's accession was at first welcomed by politicians of all parties, the first years of George's reign were marked by political instability, largely generated as a result of disagreements over the Seven Years' War.
George was perceived as favouring Tory ministers, which led to his denunciation by the Whigs as an autocrat.
On George's accession, the Crown lands produced relatively little income; most revenue was generated through taxes and excise duties.
George surrendered the Crown Estate to Parliamentary control in return for a Civil List annuity for the support of his household and the expenses of Civil Government.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom#Early_reign
George III supported Lord North's policies that resulted in the American War of Independence (1775-1783).
Some MPs, led by Charles Fox and William Pitt criticised the conflict as an "unjust war" and urged Lord North's government to bring it to an end.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/331445/King-George-III
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRgeorgeIII.htm
Monaco's playboy prince sets wedding date
The countdown began Thursday to the society event of the decade when Monaco's playboy Prince Albert II set a date next year for his long-awaited marriage to a South African swimming champ.
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